Pathways to 2050
Inspiring the sector to action and engaging with partners to deliver positive impact
The Impact Opportunities identified will be realised through the combined efforts of alumina industry participants, their suppliers and partners in research. ATR 2050 will develop short-, medium- and long-term actions to make up Impact Pathways to each goal.
The Impact Pathways will be developed through a series of working sessions for each of the four key themes with subject matter experts from participating alumina industries and associations. They will take into account known barriers to implementation and/or deployment, potential solutions and ways to accelerate progress.
Pathways under development are shown in the tables below.
Energy Impact Pathways
| Impact Opportunity | Key Action Points | Projects | Partners | Timeline | References | SDGs |
| 1. Increase proportion of renewable energy or innovative energy technologies used in production | Develop promising technologies for implementation | The HiTEMP Forum | University of Adelaide Centre for Energy Technology | 2018, 2020, 2022 |      |
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| CST for alumina calcination demonstration study | University of Adelaide Centre for Energy Technology; ARENA; Alcoa | Davis 2017 | ||||
| Integrate new technologies into Bayer flowsheet | Hogan 2018 AQW | |||||
| 2. Continue to improve efficiency in the Bayer process | Steam recompression for process heating | Mechanical Vapour Recompression | ARENA, Alcoa, Australian Aluminium Council |
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| 2-stage press filtration | Bott 2015 AQW; Bott 2002 AQW | |||||
| Increase liquor productivity | ||||||
| Improved impurity removal | Gallium – RemovAl project | See pilot 6 of EU project | 2018-2022 | EU RemovAl project | ||
| Reduce soda consumption | Harato 2012 |
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Residue Impact Pathways
| Impact Opportunity | Key Action Points | Projects | Partners | Timeline | References | SDGs |
| 3. Reduce residue salinity and alkalinity | Bauxite pre-treatment | Buntenbach 2008 AQW |
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| Reduce DSP formation | Aboagye 2012 AQW | |||||
| Lime to desilication | ||||||
| Seawater neutralisation | Scarsella 2012 AQW | |||||
| Other neutralisation: CO2, SO2, gypsum, H2SO4 etc. | Kishida 2015 | |||||
| Microbial neutralisation | ||||||
| 4. Creation of bauxite residue by-products | Additive to cement and concrete products | Residue to Cement Roadmap Reviews of key opportunities Hindalco residue to cement Hindalco ‘Value in Waste’ |
IAI Hindalco
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| Processing bauxite residue to convert it into a valuable by-product | EU RemovAl project – development of six pilot plants | 26 partners | 2018-2022 | https://www.removal-project.com | ||
| The ReActiv Project: Transformation of bauxite residue into an active material suitable for developing new cement products | IAI; LafargeHolcim (lead); Rusal, Alcoa, Rio Tinto, Mytilineos, Alumina Romania, Hydro, Alum (Romania), AOS Stade; EU8.8m grant | 2020- |
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| Geopolymers/inorganic binders | ||||||
| Road construction | ||||||
| Soil conditioner | ||||||
| Construction fill material | ||||||
| Extraction of metals | Scandium – EU Scale project |
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| 5. Ensure safety and sustainability of residue | Regulatory | Global Tailings Review & Standard | 2020 |
Global Tailings Review & Standard Company internal standards & governance processes |
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| Governance | ICMM Governance Framework | |||||
| Technical standards and guidelines | MAC Guidelines | |||||
| Industry body initiatives | ICMM tailings documents |
Water Impact Pathways
| Impact Opportunity | Key Action Points | Projects | Partners | Timeline | References | SDGs |
| 6. Reduce fresh water consumption | Collect and use rainwater |  |
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| Treat lower grade sources, e.g., by reverse osmosis | ||||||
| Collect process steam |
Emissions Impact Pathways
| Impact Opportunity | Key Action Points | Projects | Partners | Timeline | References | SDGs |
| 7. Exceed community expectations on emissions | Emissions to air: |  |
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| Liquid discharges: | ||||||
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| Impact Opportunity | Key Action Points | Projects | Partners | Timeline | References | SDGs |
| 8. Production of alumina through other production route | Use of the Pedersen process | EU ENSUREAL project | 2018-2022 | Vafeias et al 2018 | |
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| Use of the Aranda-Mastin technology | EU AlSiCal project | 2019-2023 | Aranda et al 2018 |
Acknowledgements
To come
To come
3 Comments
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For the Sc extraction under SCALE project please use new website link https://scaletechnology.eu/
also more info on Sc extraction from BR here
https://scaletechnology.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/SCALE-final-results.pdf
and news story here
https://www.alcircle.com/news/mytilineos-engages-in-eus-scale-project-to-extract-scandium-from-bauxite-residue-70511
Thank you for your input.
The links have been updated as you suggested.
I have also added a post on SCALE to the Projects page – please let me know if you have anything you would like to add or change.
4. Creation of bauxite residue by-product: Some projects related to some applications are underway. It’s very good. But why application as iron ores is not concentrated? G. Banvolgyi (2018) claimed again and again the application of ILTD to residue for iron ore. Iron ore can be a big volume customer for alumina industry.